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TT2 controls rice thermotolerance through SCT1-dependent alteration of wax biosynthesis

18.0
Yi Kan, Xiao-Rui Mu, Hai Zhang, Jin Gao, Jun-Xiang Shan, Wang-Wei Ye, Hong-Xuan Lin
Nature Plants, 2022, 8 : 53-67  DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01039-0;      追溯原文......本站官方QQ群:62473826
1 National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
2 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
3 Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China. 4School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.

Global warming threatens crop production. G proteins mediate plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses. Here we identified a natural quantitative trait locus, TT2 (THERMOTOLERANCE 2), encoding a Gγ subunit, that confers thermotolerance in rice during both vegetative and reproductive growth without a yield penalty. A natural allele with loss of TT2 function was associated with greater retention of wax at high temperatures and increased thermotolerance. Mechanistically, we found that a transcription factor, SCT1 (Sensing Ca2+ Transcription factor 1), functions to decode Ca2+ through Ca2+-enhanced interaction with calmodulin and acts as a negative regulator of its target genes (for example, Wax Synthesis Regulatory 2 (OsWR2)). The calmodulin–SCT1 interaction was attenuated by reduced heat-triggered Ca2+ caused by disrupted TT2, thus explaining the observed heat-induced changes in wax content. Beyond establishing a bridge linking G protein, Ca2+ sensing and wax metabolism, our study illustrates innovative approaches for developing potentially yield-penalty-free thermotolerant crop varieties.

TT2通過SCT1調節(jié)蠟生物合成來控制水稻的耐熱性

全球變暖威脅著農作物生產。G蛋白介導植物對多種非生物脅迫的反應。本文鑒定了一個天然的數(shù)量性狀位點TT2 (THERMOTOLERANCE 2),它編碼一個G蛋白γ亞基,賦予水稻在營養(yǎng)生長期和生殖生長期的耐熱性,且無產量損失。一個TT2功能喪失的自然等位基因,與高溫下蠟的更多保留和耐熱性增加有關。機制上,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個轉錄因子SCT1 (Sensing Ca2+ transcription factor 1),通過Ca2+增強的與鈣調素的相互作用來解碼Ca2+,并作為其靶基因的負調控因子(例如Wax Synthesis Regulatory 2 (OsWR2))。破壞TT2會引起受熱觸發(fā)的Ca2+減少,造成鈣調素-SCT1互作減弱,這解釋了觀察到的熱誘導蠟含量的變化。除了建立一個連接G蛋白、Ca2+傳感和蠟代謝的橋梁,該研究闡明了開發(fā)潛在的無產量損失的耐熱品種的創(chuàng)新方法。
  該研究通過正向遺傳學方法從水稻耐熱遺傳資源中定位克隆到了TT2,其編碼一個G蛋白γ亞基,并且負向調控水稻的耐熱性;熱帶粳稻來源的TT2存在一個SNP,使其編碼一個提前終止形式的蛋白,獲得較強的耐熱性,而在高溫敏感的溫帶粳稻中,該SNP的占比較低。在熱脅迫下,相較于對照,攜帶耐熱性位點的近等基因系NIL-TT2HPS32苗期成活率顯著提高,并且成熟期的單株產量也顯著提高、增幅達54.7%,表明該基因位點在農業(yè)生產上有重要的應用價值。進一步的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)TT2的功能有無,影響到熱脅迫后的蠟質代謝通路,在高溫敏感的對照株系中,蠟質相關調控基因呈現(xiàn)出明顯地受熱誘導而下調的趨勢,而在抗熱的NIL-TT2HPS32株系中,有一部分蠟質基因則呈現(xiàn)出不響應熱且穩(wěn)定表達的趨勢,其中包括一個正向調控蠟質合成的重要轉錄因子OsWR2。在抗熱的NIL-TT2HPS32株系中敲除OsWR2,發(fā)現(xiàn)其耐高溫的表型消失,證明在高溫脅迫下維持正常的蠟質含量對于水稻耐熱是至關重要的。為了進一步建立TT2與OsWR2表達水平的調控關系,研究人員通過對OsWR2上游啟動子的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一類鈣調素結合轉錄因子(CAMTA)的結合元件CG1-like motif,并通過同源比對,找到了兩個水稻的CAMTA家族成員,并命名為SCT1和SCT2;進一步實驗證明SCT1可以直接結合OsWR2的啟動子,影響OsWR2的表達,并且負向調控水稻的耐熱性。SCT1帶有鈣依賴的鈣調素(CaM)結合位點,可以通過與CaM的互作來解碼胞內的鈣信號。G蛋白之前被多次報道參與動植物的鈣信號調控(如RGA1)(Ma et al., 2015),該研究也證實了TT2的功能缺失會導致熱誘導的鈣信號減弱。當正常功能的TT2存在時,高溫會誘導鈣信號的產生并使得胞內鈣濃度提高,高濃度的鈣離子會被CaM感知,并促進CaM與SCT1的互作,從而加強CaM對于SCT1轉錄活性的抑制,最終導致OsWR2在高溫條件下表達量迅速下調,蠟質減少并最終無法抵御高溫,呈現(xiàn)出熱敏感的表型。當TT2功能缺失時,熱誘導的鈣信號減弱,進而減弱了SCT1與CaM的互作,降低了CaM對于SCT1轉錄活性的抑制,最終維持了OsWR2在高溫脅迫下的正常表達和穩(wěn)定的蠟質含量,呈現(xiàn)出抗熱表型。


基因列表
  異三聚體G蛋白γ亞基; 粒長粒重主效控制基因; 耐熱性; 花柱長度 GS3; TT2; OsSYL3
  乙烯應答因子 OsWR2
  Ca2+感應轉錄因子 SCT2
  Ca2+感應轉錄因子 SCT1